■  SoUoolriitAsters    -will     I     tceep     witl-iin     my     \rLo\jL&e."S/iakes/eare. 


Educational 


AUG  'e  ^92e 


Vclvantages    of   California. 


/ 

By  W.  H.  V.  RAYMOND,     / 

(Editor  of  the  California  State  Text-books.) 


[:KPARBD    FOR  THE  VOLUME    EXPOSITORY    OF    THE    RESOnRCES    OF    CALIFORNIA,   TO   BE 
DISTRIBUTED    AT   THE    WorLD's   COLUMBIAN    EXPOSITION    AT    CHICAGO. 


SACRAMENTO: 

STATE  OFFICE,   :   :    :    :    :   A.  j.  Johnston,  supt.  state  printing. 
1893. 


113 


1^ 


EDUCATIONAL    AmiMA^m:  •' 


I' 


"What  opi^ortunities  for  education?"  is  the  first  question  asked  by  an  enlightened 
householder,  .Nhen  seeking  a  residence.  It  is  the  object  of  this  article  to  answer  the 
question  for  California. 

IN    GEKEKAL. 

Before  entering  upon  particulars,  it  maybe  said,  first,  in  general,  that  the  educa- 
tional system  of  the  State  is  not  the  outgrowth  of  narrow  or  provincial  views,  but  a 
system  founded  in  the  beginning,  and  fashioned  to  the  present  time  by  he  surdies 
and  most  enlightened  educational  sentiment  of  the  whole  country.  The  best  bought 
and  experience  of  New  England,  of  the  great  Middle  AVest,  and  of  the  South  have 
eone  richly  into  its  life  and  character.  The  foundation  of  an  incomparable  system  of 
primarv  and  grammar  schools  was  early  laid  by  that  incarnate  enthusiasm  from  the 
Granite  Hills  John  Swett,  a  national  name,  as  familiar  in  the  educational  circles  of 
Boston  as  in  those  of  San  Francisco,  where  its  owner  resides.  In  the  directing  and 
inspiring  personal  agencies  which  have  made  the  other  departments  of  the  Cahfornia 
system  what  thev  are,  the  State  has  been  equally  fortunate.  Higher  education,  as 
represented  in  the  State  University,  has  been  largely  shaped  by  the  classical  learning  of 
President  Martin  Kellogg,  from  Connecticut  and  Yale,  and  by  the  scientific  spirit  and 
eminent  scholarship  of  .John  and  Joseph  Le  Conte,  from  the  University  of  Georgia, 
whose  original  researches  in  the  departments  of  physics  and  geology  have  given  to 
their  names  a  European  as  well  as  an  American  celebrity.  These  men  stood  reverently 
bv  at  the  birth  of  university  education  in  California,  rocked  its  cradle  m  infancy,  and 
two  of  them  still  remain,  keeping  step  royally  with  its  vigorousjwanhood.  In.=^ecent 
vears  I  eland  Stanford  Jr.  University,  with  its  endowment  of  *20,000,000,  and  its  dis- 
"tinguished  President,  David  Starr  Jordan,  from  Indiana,  has  brought  to  this  department 
of  education  an  accessi4Bf  of  new  and  abounding  life. 

The  organization  and  conduct  of   the  State  Normal  schools  have  fallen  "Pon  men 
eqnallv  distinguished  and  equipped  for  their  work.     For  seventeen  years,   rom  1873  to 
1890,  the  original  school  was  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Charles  H.  Allen,  whose  norma 
school  work  began  in  Pennsylvania,  widened  into  the  principalship  of  the  first  Norma 
School  of  Wisconsin,  and  culminated  in  his  distinguished  service  to  the  normal  schoo 
system  of  California.    In  1890  the  principalship  of  this  school  fell  upon  its  present 
head  Charles  W.  Childs,  one  of  its  early  graduates,  a  successful  author,  and  a  man  o 
marked  ability.     Ira  More,  graduating  from  both  the  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  Normal  School 
and  Yale  CoUege-his  whole  life  given  to  the  study  of  educational  science,  expanding 
in  Illinois  into  a  four  years'  professorship  in  the  State  Normal  School  of  that  State,  and 
in  Minnesota  into  a  seven  years'  principalship  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  bt.  Uoud- 
has  from  its  organization,  ably  directed  the  fortunes  of  the  State  Normal  Schoo  at  Los 
\ngeles     The  conscientious  and  successful  organizer  and  Principal  of   the  schoo    at 
Chico,  the  youngest  of  these  schools  in  California,  Edwin  T.  Pierce,  was  the  gift  of 
Union  College  and  the  State  Normal  School  at  Albany,  New  York;  and  when  it  is  added 
that  the  present  chief  educational  officer  of  the  State,  Superintendent  James  W  .  Ander- 
son was  graduated  from  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania,  and  has  risen  by  distinguished 
success  in  every  grade  of  work  from  primary  to  high  school,  as  teacher,  Principal  and 
Superintendent,  it  will  be  seen  that  our  claim  to  a  share  in  the  best  educational  blood 
of  the>hole  country  is  no  idle  boast. 

678976 


—    4    — 


IS   PETAIL. 


To  the  activities  of  these  men  ami  their  efficient  associates,  Califoniia  is  indebted  for 
it«  completed  system  of  free  public  education.  Among  the  individual  features  of  that 
system,  enumerated  beloj*-.  Hje  lirst  three  are  worthy  of  special  attention  as  vital  edu- 
cational aj.encics  unknovp  .."tiier  in  form  or  equivalent  to  tlie  systems  of  other  States, 
so  far  as  the  "writer's  knowledge  ertends.  They  are  agencies  whose  value  is  instantly 
obvious,  und-wliirh  are  of  th?  I'.rst  iii>|>ortance  to  the  citizen,  ]>resent  and  pros|>ective. 

1.  Ihj  financial  jirovition  for  weak  dulricts.  This  is  such  that  nothing  but  the  stu- 
pidity and  indifference  of  District  Trustees  can  defeat  the  intent  of  the  lawtu  maintain 
a  lirst-class  school  in  the  feeblest  district  of  the  .'^tute  for  at  least  eight  months  of  the 
year.  The  citizen  in  the  poorest  district  of  the  remotest  county  is  assured  as  good 
facilities  for  the  eilucation  of  his  children  in  the  primarj- and  grammar  grades  as  the 
citizen  in  the  rich  and  thickly  settled  districts  just  outside  of  San  Kranci.sco.  Sacra- 
mento, Oakland,  San  .losr,  Los  Angeles,  or  other  centers  of  wealth  and  population. 
This  is  accomplished  by  the  State  law,  which  assures  to  the  smallest  district  of  the  State 
a  sum  not  less  than  fiOO,  to  be  used  exchinvelij  for  the  payment  of  teachers'  salaries; 
and  to  the  arernije  district,  who.se  school  is  taught  by  one  teacher,  at  least  l.'MX)  is  assure<I 
for  the  same  purjio.se,  and  |500  is  also  assured  for  each  additional  teoclier.  Any  local 
district  tax  that  may  be  levied  bv  the  District  Trustees  is  in  addition  to  this.  The  pro- 
vision described  above  is  wholly  independent  of  the  action  of  District  Trustees  or  the 
citizens  of  a  district,  and.  as  will  be  seen,  provides  a  teacher  for  eight  months  in  the 
year,  at  a  salary  not  less  in  any  case  than  $.')0  per  month.  No  other  State  in  the  Ihiion 
makes  a  like  provision.  The  result  is  what  might  be  expected.  The  common  di.strict 
schools  of  the  State  are  taught  by  a  highly  intelligent,  active,  enterprising  body  of  men 
and  women.  So  marked  are  these  characteristics  in  the  teachers  of  the  State,  that  edu- 
cational lecturers  from  other  .'states  who  meet  them  in  teachers'  conventions  in  f'ulifor- 
nia,  uniformly  speak  with  enthusiasm  of  their  |>ersonal  bearing  and  cultured  address. 

2.  77ie  //roi'Miox  for  academic  training  and  prei>aration  for  the  tiro  great  I'nirersities 
of  the  State.  It  is  believiHl  that  in  no  other  ."^tate  is  this  provision  made  to  reach  students 
in  so  many  parts  of  the  State,  or  in  .so  large  numl>ers.  .\s  in  other  enlightened  States, 
there  are  the  excellent  public  high  schools  of  the  large  cities  and  towns,  provided  for 
by  their  charters.  Of  these  there  are  twenty-four  with  standards  so  high  that  graduates 
from  them  are  admitted,  without  examination,  to  the  Tniversities.  Three  of  them  are 
in  .'^an  Knincisco,  and  one  in  each  of  the  following  cities  and  towns  of  the  .'^tate: 
Alameda,  Itcrkeley,  Krcano,  I^s  .\ngeles,  Martinez,  Marysville,  National  I'ity,  Nevada 
t'ity,  Oakland,  1'asudena,  retalunia.  Riverside,  Sacramento,  Salina.s,  San  Diego,  San 
Jas6,  San  UafacI,  Santa  Cruz,  .>Jtockfon,  Vallejo,  and  Watsonville.  Other  town  high 
schools,  also,  are  of  good  rank. 

I'niler  this  head,  however,  it  is  sought  especially  to  emphasize  the  general  provision 
of  law  for  the  establishment  of  public  high  schixils  to  connect  the  soMUi  villages  and 
rural  districts  with  the  University.  This  is  done  by  the  organization  of  union  high 
school  ilistricts.  Tnder  this  provision  eighteen  counties  hove  ostablisheil  high  schools, 
as  follows: 

.Mameda  County.  ;t.  I.os  .Vngeles  County,  3.  Si.skiyou  County,!. 

Uutte  t  'ounty,  '2.  .Sm  Hcrnanlino  County,  2.      .Solano  County,  3. 

Contra  Costa  County,  1.     San  Diego  County,  ti.  Sonoma  County,  2. 

Del  Norte  County,  1.  San  Joaiiuin  County,  1.  Slunislans  County.  1. 

El  Dorado  County,  1.         San  Luis  Obisi>o  County,  2.     Ventura  County,  2. 

Fresno  County,  2.  Santa  Ilarbara  County,  3.         Yolo  County,  1. 

Thus,  nearly  forty  public  high  schools  bring  to  the  very  doors,  it  may  Ik-  said,  of  the 
tiller  of  field  and  farm,  the  small  shopkeeper,  and  the  mechanic  who  is  at  once  his  own 
contractor  and  bis  own  journeyman,  either  a  generous  academic  training  or  a  prei>ara- 
lion  for  university  studies.  These,  with  the  twenty-four  city  high  schools  accepted  by 
the  universities  as  preparatorj-  schools,  constitute,  it  is  Ixlieved,  n  provision  for  second- 
ary education  without  precedent  in  any  .stale  of  e<iual  |>opulation. 

S.  The  comjiuhory  ret/uirement  of  a  fixed  rsprnditiire  of  moneti,  annually,  for  the 
supjiort  of  a  district  library  is  a  third  e<lucational  provision  found  only  in  California. 


—    5    — 

This  insures  to  everj'  school  district  in  the  State  an  ample  and  attractive  collection  of 
good  books,  and  is  defeasible  only  by  the  ignorance,  indifference,  or  dishonesty  of  Dis- 
trict Trustees.  The  value  of  this  provision  can  liardly  be  overestimated.  The  number 
of  volumes  thus  accumulated  in  the  district  libraries  of,  the  State  lunv  exceeds  half  a 
million.  '        *^  *  ■  '■  ,*   *,  ■ ! 

•4.  The  preparation  and  jmhlication  by  the  Stale  of  ttie  texl'-b'ooJcs  vsed  lA  the  common 
nchooh  is  a  fourth  feature  peculiar  to  the  school  s.vstcn.i'of  jthij  ;Stot'o. .'  Thto  <,'rpr\<^mical 
aspect  of  this  feature  commends  it  warmly  to  the  feoplej  .Vr.<l°i'lie'*tc'u"ical',ekdijfJence 
of  the  books  so  furnished,  in  both  matter  and  mechanical  construction,  is  eciual  to  that 
of  other  like  standard  publications.  Tliey  may  be  judged,  by  those  who  choose  to 
examine  them,  in  the  educational  department  of  the  California  Building  at  the  Colum- 
bian E-xposition,  where  they  are  submitted  for  inspection. 

5.  Provision  for  the  training  of  teachers  for  the  public  schools,  while  not  peculiar  to 
California,  is  generous,  and  is  wisely  and  jealously  managed.  Three  Normal  .Schools 
are  established  by  the  State,  and  one  by  the  city  of  San  Krancisco.  The  oldest  of  these 
is  at  San  Josf,  in  the  central  part  of  the  State,  about  hfty  miles  from  San  Francisco. 
Twenty-seven  instructors  are  employed  in  this  school,  and  the  attendance  of  students 
in  the  N'ormal  classes  is  between  600  and  700.  The  buildings  and  equipments  for  the 
Practice  School,  which  numbers  over  200  pupils,  are,  perhaps,  the  most  complete  in  the 
United  States.  The  second  of  these  schools  in  age  and  size  is  at  Los  Angeles,  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  State.  In  this  school  the  instructors  number  14  and  the  students 
about  350.  Attached  is  an  elegantly  appointed  gymnasium;  and  additional  buildings 
are  in  process  of  construction.  The  Practice  School  numbers  nearly  200.  The  youngest 
of  the  schools  is  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  at  Chico.  Instructors,  11;  Normal 
students,  200.  The  Practice  School  has  an  attendance  of  125.  This  school,  like  the 
others,  has  taken  high  rank  from  the  start. 

C.  Teachers'  Institutes,  though  maintained  in  some  other  States,  receive  in  California 
exceptional  encouragement.  Ample  funds  are  provided  for  maintaining  in  nearly  every 
county  of  the  State  one  week  of  instruction  and  discussion  relative  to  the  best  and 
most  fruitful  methods  of  class  teaching.  It  is  in  these  meetings  that  the  stranger  notes 
the  high  average  intelligence  of  the  teachers  of  the  State. 

7.  The  State  University,  for  the  higher  education  of  both  se.xes,  is  located  at  Berkeley, 
opposite  the  entrance  to  the  Ciolden  Ciate.  It  is  a  source  of  much  pride  for  the  rank  it 
lias  taken  among  the  great  universities  of  the  country,  and  the  people  of  California 
have  richly  and  permanently  endowed  it.  It  consists  of  a  ( 'ollege  of  Letters,  with  three 
courses  leading,  respectively,  to  the  degree  of  A.B.,  B.L.,  and  Ph.B.;  a  College  of  Mining, 
a  College  of  Mechanics,  a  College  of  Agriculture,  a  College  of  Civil  Kngineering,  and  a 
College  of  Chemistry,  each  leading  to  the  degree  of  B.S.  Besides  these  are  the  depart- 
ments of  Philosoph3'  and  Pedagogy,  at  Berkeley,  and  the  affiliated  Colleges  of  Law, 
Medicine,  Pharmacy,  and  Dentistry,  located  in  San  Francisco,  and  the  Lick  Astronom- 
ical Observatory,  on  Mt.  Hamilton.  The  professors,  instructors,  and  assistants  in  these 
colleges  number  217,  and  the  students  1,082.  I'niversity  extension  courses  have  been 
established  by  the  faculty  in  San  Francisco,  Oakland,  and  Los  Angeles. 

8.  The  general  administration  of  the  public  school  system  of  California,  thus  briefly 
sketched,  is  in  the  hands  of  the  following  officers:  School  District  Trustees,'  Town  and 
City  Boards  of  Education,'  Boards  of  Education  of  I'nion  High  Schools,-  County  Super- 
intendents.' County  Boards  of  Education,^  Boards  of  Normal  School  Trustees,*  Board 
of  Regents  of  the  State  LTniversity,*  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,'  and 
State  Board  of  Education.- 

E.xcept  in  a  few  of  the  smaller  counties,  the  entire  time  of  the  County  Superintend- 
ents is  employed  in  service  rendered  to  the  schools.  The  chi^  duty  of  the  County 
Board  of  Education  consists  in  the  examination  and  certification  of  teachers.  The 
State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  in  addition  to  the  general  supervision  exer- 
cised by  him  over  the  schools,  and  the  collection  and  publication  of  detailed  information 

1.  Elected  by*the  people.  2,  Ex  ofBcio, 

3.  Appointed  by  County  Supervisors,  except  the  County  Superintendent. 

4.  Partly  ex  ofiScio,  and  partly  appointed  by  the  Governor. 


respectint!  their  con<litiun,  is  charged  with  the  apportionment  to  counties  of  State 
moneys  to  which  they  are  entitled;  the  judicial  function  of  interpreting  the  school  law 
when  required  by  the  administrative  otlicers  of  the  same;  and  is,  ex  orticio,  a  member 
of  the  Hoard  of  Regents  of  the  State  fniversity,  of  each  Itoard  of  Normal  School 
Trusteed  ajt.fi.of  the  S'jije  Ko*rd  of  Education.  The  State  Hoard  of  Education  consists 
of  the  Oove^-nor,  the  Sufienn'tendent  of  I'ublic  Instruction,  and  the  I'rincipals  of  the 
State  Somal  .iicliools.  This  IJpa'rd'  adopts  general  rules  for  the  government  of  public 
schooL;  t^"^*  term  i»i.d  Itfe  uiplc'mas,  under  statutory  restrictions,  to  applicants  for 
the  same;  selects  the  oDicial  educational  journal  of  the  State;  and  [irepares,  or  directs 
the  preparation  of,  the  school  books  published  by  the  State. 

In  addition  to  the  advantages  offered  by  the  public  school  system  there  are  numerous 
9.  I'ritale  colleges  and  acatleintes.  .\t  the  head  of  all  these  is  the  great  l.elwid  Stan- 
ford, Jr.,  University,  at  I'alo  .\lto,  endowed  by  .'senator  Leiand  Stanford  with  00.000,000. 
This  instituticm,  like  the  State  University,  is  for  the  education  of  l)Oth  se-xes,  and,  as  in 
that  institution,  tuition  is  free.  Though  now  only  in  the  second  year  of  its  work,  it 
already  ranks  with  the  best.  It  has  a  faculty  of  78  professors  and  instructors,  and  a 
student  attendance  of  764,  of  whon>  nearly  150  are  from  other  States.  Its  courses  of 
instruction  are  distributed  through  the  departments  of  the  Ancient  and  Modem 
I.anguages,  History  and  Political  Economy,  .Mathematics,  the  Sciences.  Philosophy,  and 
Education.  Neither  Stanford  nor  the  .'^tate  I'niversity  has  u  preparatorj-  department— 
all  the  students  in  both  ore  in  college  classes  proper. 

It  is  not  practicable  to  give  a  complete  list  of  the  private  colleges  and  academies  of 
the  State.  Tiic  following  list  includes  the  more  important,  with  the  county  in  which 
'they  are  located:  Alameda  Count;/:  Iterkeley  (iymnasium;  Boone's  Vniversity  School; 
Bowman's  Academy;  (lilson's  Normal  Training  School;  Head's,  >liss.  School;  Hopkins' 
Academy;  I.iverniorc  I'ollege;  Mills  College;  (lur  I^dy  of  Ivounles  (academy);  Sacred 
Heart  (academy);   ."^t.  .loseph's  Academy;   .St.  Joseph's  Institute;   St.   Mary's  College; 

St.   Mary's    Academy;  .Snell's  .'^emina^y;    Wushingtijn  College. liutte  County:   Chico 

Academy. Colusa   County:    Orluiul    Normal;    Pierce   Christian  College. IIumhoMt 

Count;/:  Eureka  .\cadeniy;  Sisters  of  Mercy. Inyo  County:   Inyo  .\eademy. I^ke 

County:  hakeport  .\cademy.— /,oji -•ln<;e/<j  County:  Academy  of  the  Immaculate  Heart; 
Pomona  College;  .St.  Hilda's  School;  i^t.  Mar)''s  .\cademy;  St.  Vincent's  School;  Throop 
University. Marin  County:  San  Hafael  Female  College;  San  Kafael  School. Men- 
docino County:  Academy  of  the  Socred  Heart. Merced  County:  Merced  .Vcademy. 

Napa  County:  Napa  College;  Oak  Mound  School. Serada  County:  Sisters  of  Mercy 

Academy.-- — Orange    County:     Dominican    Sisters'    .'^chool. I'lacer    County:     Sierra 

Normal     College. Sacramento    County:     .Xtkin.wn's     .'Sacramento    Business    College; 

Sacramento    Institute;   Sacramento  School   of    Design;    St,   Joseph's    Academy. San 

Rernnrdiuo    County:    Bellcvue    .\cadcmy;    San     Bernardino    .\cademy;   Sister*  of    the 

Immaculate    Heart. San   Fniucitco   County:    .\cadcmy    of   Immaculate   Conception; 

Academy  of  St.  Rose;  Lake's,  Miss,  School  for  (Jirls;  Notre  Dame  .Vcudomy;  Presen- 
tation Convent;  Sacred  Heart  Acodcmy;  Sacred  Heart  College;  St.  Ignatius  College; 
St.    Peter's    .Vcademy;  St.   Rose's  .\cademy;   Trinity  .School;    Van  Ness  Young  Ladies' 

Seminory;  West's,  Miss,  .'^chool;  Westmin.ster  School. San  Joaquin  County:  St.   .Xg- 

nes  Academy;   St.  Patrick's  College;   San  Joaquin  Valley  College;    Sti>ckton  Business 

College. San    Luis   Obiipo   County:    Boarding  and    Day   ."School   of   the    Immaculate 

Heart. San    Mateo   County:   Belmont   School;    Bishop  .\rmitage  ilrphanage;    Ijturel 

Hall  College;   St.   Matthew's    Hall. Santa  Rarbnra  County:    Kntnciscan   College. 

Santa    Clara    County:    Academy    of    Notre    Dame;    ."<t.  Joseph's    College;    Santa    Clara 

College;    .Santa  Clara  Young  Indies'  Boarding  School;    I'niversity  of   the  Pacific. 

Sania  Our  County:  School  of  the  Holy  Cross. Solano  County:    Irma  (tirls'  .Sihool; 

St.  Culherine's  Female  .\cadeniy;  St.  Vincent's  School;  Vacaville  .\cademy. Sonoma 

County:  Pacific  Methodist  College;  St.  Vincent's  .\cadcmy;  Santa   Rosa  Boys' School; 

Santa  Rosa   Business  I'ollege;   Santa   Rosa   Ijidies'  College;   .Sinto  Rosa  Seminory. 

Tehanin  County:    .\codeniy  of  the  Sisters  of    Mercy. Tulare    County:   l^on    Joac|uin 

Valley     Polytechnic     Institute. Yolo    County:     Hes'ficrian     College;     Holy     Rosary 

.Vcademy;    Woodland  Business  College. Yuba  County:  High  School  for  Hoys;   Notro 

Daino  Academy. 


RECAPITULATION. 

Briefly  summarized,  then,  the  educational  advantages  of  California  are  seen — 

1.  In  the  unprecedented  liberality  and  absolute  adequacy  of  its  provision  for  a  good 
free  school,  of  not  less  than  eight  months  annually  in  etei^  di&ti-rct,of  the  yta(e.* 

2.  In  the  system  which  extends  high  school  facilities.' to  tVsry>'comer  of  the  com- 
monwealth. ■'■'•>>,'.. 

3.  Tn  the  provision  for  excellent  public  school  libra?itiE  in  eyiry  tUs^rlrt  65,  iUe.'§iate. 

4.  In  the  economical  and  admirable  provision  for  the  supply  of  text-books  *to* the 
pupils  of  the  State. 

5.  In  its  generous  provision  for  the  instruction  and  training  of  teachers  in  Normal 
Schools  and  County  Institutes. 

().  In  the  magnificent  and  richly  endowed  I'niversity  at  Berkeley,  which  crowns  its 
educational  structure. 

7.  In  the  completeness  of  its  machinery  for  the  effective  administration,  by  proper 
officers,  of  its  whole  system. 

8.  In  its  University  at  Palo  Alto,  made  great  by  private  endowment,  and  in  the  high 
character  and  large  numbers  of  its  remaining  colleges  and  private  schools. 

With  these  gifts  in  her  hands  our  beautiful  State  beckons  to  the  dwellers  in  her  sister 
States,  and  to  the  people  of  all  enlightened  nations,  inviting  them  to  settlement,  citizen- 
ship, and  home.     _    ^ 


14  DAY  USE 

(i  RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LOAN  DEPT. 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 

Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


APR  1 3  196S  7  d 

WV^O-6612  ACQ 

(F77a3.10)47eB                               UmTCniiy  of  CalifomU 
ocrKClcT 

Khotomount 

Pamphlet 

Binder 

Gaylord  Bros, 


(>78976 


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